2) Studio for SQL Server dbForge Studio for SQL Server is a powerful IDE for SQL Server management, administration, development, data reporting, analysis, and a lot more. SQL developers and DBAs performing complex database tasks can use the GUI tool to speed up almost any database experience, such as designing databases, writing SQL code, comparing databases, synchronizing schemas and data.
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This Cheat Sheet consists of several helpful tables and lists, containing information that comes up repeatedly when working with SQL. In one place, you can get a quick answer to a number of different questions that frequently arise during an SQL development effort.
SQL Criteria for Normal Forms
To ensure that database tables are designed in such a way that they will hold your data reliably, you need to be sure that they are not subject to modification anomalies. Normalizing your databases will give you that assurance. Compare the SQL criteria in the following list to the tables in your database. Doing so will alert you to the possibility of anomalies, when you find that your database is not sufficiently normalized.
First Normal Form (1NF):
Table must be two-dimensional, with rows and columns.
Each row contains data that pertains to one thing or one portion of a thing.
Each column contains data for a single attribute of the thing being described.
Each cell (intersection of row and column) of the table must be single-valued.
All entries in a column must be of the same kind.
Each column must have a unique name.
No two rows may be identical.
The order of the columns and of the rows does not matter.
Second Normal Form (2NF):
Table must be in first normal form (1NF).
All non-key attributes (columns) must be dependent on the entire key.
Third Normal Form (3NF):
Table must be in second normal form (2NF).
Table has no transitive dependencies.
Domain-Key Normal Form (DK/NF):
Every constraint on the table is a logical consequence of the definition of keys and domains.
SQL Data Types
Here’s a list of all the formal data types that ISO/IEC standard SQL recognizes. In addition to these, you may define additional data types that are derived from these.
Exact Numerics:
INTEGER
SMALLINT
BIGINT
NUMERIC
DECIMAL
Approximate Numerics:
REAL
DOUBLE PRECISION
FLOAT
- DECFLOAT
Binary Strings:
BINARY
BINARY VARYING
Labyrinth escape room japanese horror. BINARY LARGE OBJECT
Boolean:
BOOLEAN
Character Strings:
CHARACTER
CHARACTER VARYING (VARCHAR)
CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT
NATIONAL CHARACTER
NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING
NATIONAL CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT
Datetimes:
DATE
TIME WITHOUT TIMEZONE
TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIMEZONE
TIME WITH TIMEZONE
TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE
Intervals:
INTERVAL DAY
INTERVAL YEAR
Collection Types:
ARRAY
MULTISET
Other Types:
ROW
XML
SQL Value Functions
These SQL value functions perform operations on data. There are all kinds of operations that could conceivably be performed on data items, but these are some that are needed most often.
| Function | Effect |
|---|---|
| SUBSTRING | Extracts a substring from a source string |
| SUBSTRING SIMILAR | Extracts a substring from a source string, using POSIX-based regular expressions |
| SUBSTRING_REGEX | Extracts from a string the first occurrence of an XQuery regular expression pattern and returns one occurrence of the matching substring |
| TRANSLATE_REGEX | Extracts from a string the first or every occurrence of an XQuery regular expression pattern and replaces it or them with an XQuery replacement string |
| UPPER | Converts a character string to all uppercase |
| LOWER | Converts a character string to all lowercase |
| TRIM | Trims off leading or trailing blanks |
| TRANSLATE | Transforms a source string from one character set to another |
| CONVERT | Transforms a source string from one character set to another |
| Function | Effect |
|---|---|
| POSITION | Returns the starting position of a target string within a source string |
| CHARACTER_LENGTH | Returns the number of characters in a string |
| OCTET_LENGTH | Returns the number of octets (bytes) in a character string |
| EXTRACT | Extracts a single field from a datetime or interval |
| Function | Effect |
|---|---|
| CURRENT_DATE | Returns the current date |
| CURRENT_TIME(p) | Returns the current time; (p) is precision of seconds |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(p) | Returns the current date and the current time; (p) is precision of seconds |
SQL Set Functions
The SQL set functions give you a quick answer to questions you may have about the characteristics of your data as a whole. How many rows does a table have? What is the highest value in the table? What is the lowest? These are the kinds of questions that the SQL set functions can answer for you.
| Function | Effect |
COUNT | Returns the number of rows in the specified table |
MAX | Returns the maximum value that occurs in the specified able |
MIN | Returns the minimum value that occurs in the specified table |
SUM | Adds up the values in a specified column |
AVG | Returns the average of all the values in the specified column |
LISTAGG | Transforms values from a group of rows into a delimited string |
Trigonometric and Logarithmic Functions
sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, sinh, cosh, tanh, log(<base>, <value>), log10(<value>). ln( <value>)
JSON Constructor Functions
JSON_OBJECT
JSON_ARRAY
JSON_OBJECTAGG
JSON_ARRAYAGG
JSON Query Functions
JSON_EXISTS
JSON_VALUE
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JSON_QUERY
JSON_TABLE
SQL WHERE Clause Predicates
Predicates boil down to either a TRUE or a FALSE result. You can filter out unwanted rows from the result of an SQL query by applying a WHERE clause whose predicate excludes the unwanted rows.
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| = | Equal |
| <> | Not equal |
| < | Less than |
| <= | Less than or equal |
| > | Greater than |
| >= | Greater than or equal |
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| ALL | BETWEEN |
| DISTINCT | EXISTS |
| IN | LIKE |
| MATCH | NOT IN |
| NOT LIKE | NULL |
| OVERLAPS | SOME, ANY |
| UNIQUE |
Creating Queries to Search for Data
Concept
In addition to using QBE lines and wildcards to search for records, you can define additional search criteria by creating a query using the Manage Queries feature.
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The Manage Queries button appears on the Find Browse, Search/Select and Power Browse forms that have a Find button, unless the form appears in a popup window (such as when using the visual assist). The query control also appears in a data browser, which enables you to view the data in tables and business views and save the search criteria as a query.
Procedure
In this topic, you will create queries to search for data using the Manage Queries feature.
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| Navigate to the Address Book Revisions program (P01012). Click the Fast Path button. | |
| Use the Work With Addresses form to use the Query Manager. The Manage Queries feature enables you to select additional fields from a form and add conditions to narrow down the search results. | |
| The EnterpriseOne system combines the conditions defined in the form filter fields, the QBE line, and the Manage Queries to retrieve records from the database. | |
| The system provides security options to prevent users from performing searches if they have not entered search criteria in the form filter fields or QBE line. If your system administrator enables application query security, you will receive an error or warning message that states your search has been suppressed. |
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| Click the Manage Queries button. | |
| The system displays the Query Manager side panel. You can design and save queries for search criteria that you use frequently. You can create queries to run automatically. This enables the system to search records without you clicking the Find button. | |
| When you enter the Query Manager, a plus sign on the form designates each field and QBE column that you can select for a query. When you click a field or QBE column, the item appears in the Query Manager side panel with the appropriate comparison selections for the item’s data type. | |
| Click the Plus button next to the QBE field you want to use as search criteria. Click the Plus button. | |
| Any items that you select display an X in the Query Manager side panel, which indicates that they have been selected. You can remove an item from the Query Manager side panel by clicking the X. | |
| Select a comparison type for the Address Number field. Click the Address Number (QBE) list. | |
| Click the > list item. | |
| Click in the Address Number (QBE) field. | |
| Enter the desired information into the Address Number (QBE) field. Enter “5000“. | |
| Now, save the query you created. Click the Save Query button. | |
| Enter a name for the query. Enter the desired information into the Enter New Name: field. Enter “AB5000“. | |
| Click the OK button. | |
| Click the Find button. | |
| Note that the system now displays only those records with the address number greater than 5000. | |
| Next, you will modify the query to display records for a specific range of address numbers. Click the Add to Advanced Query button. | |
| Click the Address Number (QBE) list. | |
| Click the < list item. | |
| Note that the system automatically points to the Address Number (QBE) field. Enter the desired information into the Address Number (QBE) field. Enter “5100“. | |
| Click the Save Query button. | |
| Run the query to narrow down the search results. Click the Find button. | |
| Note that the system now shows records with the address numbers that are greater than 5000 but less than 5100. | |
| Click the Name menu. | |
| Note that the query you created is under the Personal heading. | |
| You can share the query with others. Click the Request to Publish button. | |
| Click the Name menu. | |
| The query will be shared or published only after your system administrator approves it. Note that the Reserve button is enabled. You can modify the query under the Pending Approval heading in the Name menu. Click the Reserve button. | |
| Click the Name menu. | |
| Note that the query has moved to the Personal heading again and is now available for you to modify or request to publish. You can modify a query that is pending approval by reserving it and making the changes and resubmitting it for approval. When you click the Reserve button, the query moves to Personal status. If you decide you do not want to make changes, you can click the Unreserve button, and the query returns to pending approval. You must save the query before you click the Request to Publish button. If you do not save the query, your changes will be lost and the original query without your changes will be placed in Pending Approval status. | |
| You can delete the query you created. Click the Delete Query button. |
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| Click the OK button. |
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| Click the Close Side Panel button. | |
| Click the Close button. | |
| You have successfully used query control to search data. End of Procedure. |